[sheet: Cover]
Field | Value
Document Title | Privilege Log — Final Version
Matter | Audit Committee Internal Investigation — Verimark Hospitality Group Inc.
Matter Number | 1021-00008
Client | Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Verimark Hospitality Group Inc.
Client Ticker / Exchange | VMRK (Nasdaq)
Prepared By | Steven Hollander, Associate; Liam Donahue, Senior Associate — Calderwood & Harkness LLP
Supervising Attorneys | Howard Quinn, Responsible Partner; Conrad Ashby, Billing Partner
Firm Address | 200 South Biscayne Boulevard, Suite 4400, Miami, FL 33131
Date of Log | December 22, 2023
Investigation Opened | July 24, 2023
Investigation Closed | January 9, 2024
Total Documents Logged | 4,218
Basis for Withholding | Attorney-Client Privilege and/or Attorney Work Product Doctrine
Documents Collected (Total) | ~1,200,000
Documents Reviewed (Post-TAR) | ~347,000
E-discovery Vendor | Triton discovery Solutions Inc.
Forensic Accounting Advisor (Kovel) | Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC (Engagement No. CFA-VHG-2023-0089)
Independent Auditor | Hargrove, Steen & Aldrich LLP
Outside Securities Counsel | Westlake Burris & Holt LLP
Custodians Identified | 11
Custodians Collected | 8
Privilege Designation Key | AC = Attorney-Client Privilege; WP = Work Product; AC/WP = Dual Designation; Kovel = Communication with forensic advisor under Kovel doctrine
[sheet: Privilege Log]
Entry No. | Document ID | Custodian | Document Date | Document Type | Author(s) | Recipient(s) / CC | Privilege Basis | Withheld or Redacted | Description
1 | VHG-PRIV-000001 | Patricia Navarro | 2023-07-17 | Email | Diane Kowalski | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | AC | W | Communication from Audit Committee Chair to outside counsel regarding retention of Calderwood & Harkness LLP for internal investigation into VCR revenue-recognition and expense-reporting irregularities
2 | VHG-PRIV-000002 | Patricia Navarro | 2023-07-17 | Attachment — Engagement Letter | Diane Kowalski | Howard Quinn | AC | W | Executed engagement letter between Audit Committee of VHG and Calderwood & Harkness LLP setting forth scope, billing rates, and privilege protocols
3 | VHG-PRIV-000003 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-21 | Letter | Howard Quinn | Douglas Reinhardt (Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC) | AC/WP | W | Kovel retention letter engaging Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC as forensic accounting advisor at the direction of the Audit Committee; engagement number CFA-VHG-2023-0089
4 | VHG-PRIV-000004 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-24 | Memorandum | Howard Quinn; Liam Donahue | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Investigation scope memorandum and work plan prepared by outside counsel for Audit Committee addressing premature revenue recognition at Coral Dune Resort & Residences and Palmetto Bluff Club and fictitious vendor scheme
5 | VHG-PRIV-000005 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-24 | Notice | Howard Quinn | VHG Officers and Employees (Company-Wide) | WP | W | Document preservation notice issued in connection with internal investigation; marks formal opening of investigation
6 | VHG-PRIV-000006 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-24 | Notice | Howard Quinn | Garrett W. Daskine; Nicole Prescott; Ryan Mateo Serrano; VCR Finance Personnel | WP | W | Targeted document preservation notice to VCR custodians specifying preservation of financial records, purchase orders, and vendor contracts related to timeshare sales and capital-improvement projects
7 | VHG-PRIV-000007 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-26 | Memorandum | Howard Quinn; Liam Donahue | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Memorandum setting forth Upjohn warning procedures, privilege protocols, guidelines for interactions with individual counsel (Merritt & Dunleavy LLP, Langford Pace LLP, Coletti & Ruiz PA), and coordination with VHG General Counsel Patricia Navarro
8 | VHG-PRIV-000008 | Liam Donahue | 2023-08-04 | Memorandum | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | E-discovery protocol and TAR 2.0 methodology memorandum documenting predictive-coding workflow, custodian collection plan for 8 of 11 identified custodians, de-duplication procedures, and quality-control sampling; coordinated with Triton discovery Solutions Inc.
9 | VHG-PRIV-000009 | Howard Quinn | 2023-08-09 | Letter | Howard Quinn | William Gentry (Hargrove, Steen & Aldrich LLP) | AC | W | Letter to independent auditor establishing coordination protocols between internal investigation and HSA audit activities, addressing information sharing and privilege protections regarding HSA's June 19, 2023 communication of potential material weakness in VCR internal controls
10 | VHG-PRIV-000010 | Howard Quinn | 2023-08-11 | Letter | Howard Quinn | Irene Castellanos (Westlake Burris & Holt LLP) | AC | W | Letter coordinating SEC disclosure obligations including Form 8-K filing under Item 4.02 (Non-Reliance on Previously Issued Financial Statements) and ongoing disclosure considerations
11 | VHG-PRIV-000011 | Liam Donahue | 2023-08-14 | Script | Calderwood & Harkness LLP | N/A (internal template) | WP | W | Standard-form Upjohn warning script for use at commencement of witness interviews advising that counsel represents the Audit Committee, not any individual, and that attorney-client privilege belongs to VHG
12 | VHG-PRIV-000012 | Liam Donahue | 2023-08-15 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting interview of William Gentry, CPA, HSA lead engagement partner (informational; not under Upjohn warnings); covers identification of $9.8 million in timeshare deposits recorded as completed-sale revenue in Q1 2023 despite unexpired rescission periods under Florida Statute § 721.10
13 | VHG-PRIV-000013 | Liam Donahue | 2023-08-22 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting interview of Thomas Rhett Griffith, VHG CFO; covers knowledge of VCR revenue-recognition practices and HSA communication of June 19, 2023
14 | VHG-PRIV-000014 | Liam Donahue | 2023-08-29 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting interview of Margaret Calder, VHG CEO; covers oversight of VCR, knowledge of division financial performance, and communications with Garrett Daskine
15 | VHG-PRIV-000015 | Howard Quinn | 2023-09-08 | Report | Howard Quinn | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Interim Status Report No. 1 to Audit Committee summarizing investigation progress including document collection status, initial interviews, administrative leave of subjects effective August 7, 2023, and coordination with Westlake Burris on Form 8-K filed August 14, 2023
16 | VHG-PRIV-000016 | Howard Quinn | 2023-09-15 | Memorandum | Howard Quinn; Liam Donahue | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Memorandum analyzing voluntary production strategy for SEC Division of Enforcement preliminary inquiry File No. HO-14237; addresses privilege waiver risks and selective-waiver doctrine
17 | VHG-PRIV-000017 | Liam Donahue | 2023-09-27 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting first interview of Ryan Mateo Serrano, VCR Controller (counsel Marco A. Ruiz of Coletti & Ruiz PA present); covers creation of 47 fictitious purchase orders attributed to Gulf Standard Contracting LLC, Clearwater Design Collective Inc., and Suncoast Property Services LLC
18 | VHG-PRIV-000018 | Liam Donahue | 2023-10-04 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting interview of Garrett W. Daskine, VCR Division President (counsel James Corwin Merritt of Merritt & Dunleavy LLP present); covers role in directing premature revenue recognition and approving vendor invoices; subject declined follow-up interview
19 | VHG-PRIV-000019 | Liam Donahue | 2023-10-11 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting first interview of Nicole Prescott, VCR VP of Finance (counsel Candace O'Brien Langford of Langford Pace LLP present); covers implementation of revenue-recognition scheme and awareness of shell entities
20 | VHG-PRIV-000020 | Howard Quinn | 2023-10-20 | Report | Howard Quinn | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Interim Status Report No. 2 to Audit Committee summarizing subject interviews, preliminary Crestline forensic findings, revenue overstatement of $26.4 million across Q3 2022–Q2 2023, and expense irregularities of $1.83 million through three shell entities
21 | VHG-PRIV-000021 | Howard Quinn | 2023-10-25 | Letter | Howard Quinn | James Corwin Merritt (Merritt & Dunleavy LLP) | AC/WP | R | Letter to Daskine's counsel requesting additional documents and follow-up interview; references connection to Gulf Standard Contracting LLC and Suncoast Property Services LLC
22 | VHG-PRIV-000022 | Howard Quinn | 2023-10-30 | Letter | Howard Quinn | Candace O'Brien Langford (Langford Pace LLP) | AC/WP | R | Letter requesting second interview of Nicole Prescott to address additional evidence regarding Clearwater Design Collective Inc. and revenue-recognition scheme
23 | VHG-PRIV-000023 | Liam Donahue | 2023-11-08 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting second interview of Nicole Prescott (counsel Candace O'Brien Langford present); covers role as sole shareholder of Clearwater Design Collective Inc. and mechanics of revenue-recognition overstatement
24 | VHG-PRIV-000024 | Howard Quinn | 2023-11-22 | Report | Howard Quinn | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Interim Status Report No. 3 to Audit Committee reporting on Serrano cooperation agreement, second Prescott interview, shell-entity analysis progress, and SEC coordination regarding File No. HO-14237
25 | VHG-PRIV-000025 | Liam Donahue | 2023-11-28 | Memorandum | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Shell entity analysis memorandum detailing corporate formation, ownership, and transactional history of GSC (formed March 12, 2021; 19 invoices, $812,400; beneficial owner Daskine), CDC (formed June 4, 2021; 16 invoices, $587,600; sole shareholder Prescott), and SPS (formed November 18, 2021; 12 invoices, $430,000; sole member Daskine); identifies largest invoice $94,500 (GSC-2023-007, February 14, 2023)
26 | VHG-PRIV-000026 | Liam Donahue | 2023-12-05 | Memorandum of Interview | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Memorandum documenting second interview of Ryan Mateo Serrano (counsel Marco A. Ruiz present), conducted under cooperation agreement dated November 15, 2023; covers detailed account of 47 fictitious purchase orders, fund-flow from VCR to shell entities, and Daskine's direction of the scheme
27 | VHG-PRIV-000027 | Howard Quinn | 2023-12-12 | Memorandum | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Memorandum recommending termination for cause of Daskine and Prescott and non-cause termination of Serrano; analyzes employment agreements, clawback considerations, and D&O insurance implications under North Atlantic Indemnity Corp. policy NAI-DOL-2023-004891
28 | VHG-PRIV-000028 | Howard Quinn | 2023-12-18 | Letter | Howard Quinn | James Corwin Merritt (Merritt & Dunleavy LLP) | AC | W | Letter notifying Daskine's counsel of for-cause termination of Garrett W. Daskine effective December 18, 2023, and outlining post-termination obligations
29 | VHG-PRIV-000029 | Howard Quinn | 2023-12-18 | Letter | Howard Quinn | Candace O'Brien Langford (Langford Pace LLP) | AC | W | Letter notifying Prescott's counsel of for-cause termination of Nicole Prescott effective December 18, 2023, and outlining post-termination obligations
30 | VHG-PRIV-000030 | Liam Donahue | 2023-12-28 | Memorandum | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Revenue-recognition analysis under ASC 606 for VCR timeshare-interest sales; quantifies aggregate overstatement of $26.4 million (Q3 2022: $4.7M; Q4 2022: $6.1M; Q1 2023: $9.8M; Q2 2023: $5.8M); FY 2022 after-tax income overstatement of ~$8.17M (5.74% of net income); with input from Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC
31 | VHG-PRIV-000031 | Liam Donahue | 2023-12-28 | Memorandum | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Expense-reimbursement irregularity analysis documenting fictitious vendor scheme; 47 purchase orders totaling $1.83M directed to GSC ($812,400), CDC ($587,600), and SPS ($430,000); traces funds to personal expenditures including residential renovation at 312 Harbor View Lane, Destin, FL, boat-slip fees, and luxury-goods purchases
32 | VHG-PRIV-000032 | Howard Quinn | 2024-01-03 | Memorandum | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Remediation recommendations memorandum addressing enhanced internal controls over VCR revenue recognition, vendor-approval reforms, reconciliation of timeshare deposits against rescission-period expiration, whistleblower procedures, and SOX Section 404 compliance
33 | VHG-PRIV-000033 | Howard Quinn | 2024-01-09 | Report | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby; Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Diane Kowalski; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC/WP | W | Final Investigation Report to Audit Committee — comprehensive report covering revenue-recognition irregularities ($26.4M), expense-reimbursement irregularities ($1.83M), findings re Daskine, Prescott, and Serrano, 22 interviews of 18 witnesses, review of ~347,000 documents, Crestline forensic analysis, remediation recommendations, and SEC disclosure/restatement implications
34 | VHG-PRIV-000034 | Priya Venkatesh | 2023-08-28 | Memorandum | Priya Venkatesh; Douglas Reinhardt (Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC) | Liam Donahue; Howard Quinn | Kovel | W | Crestline forensic analysis of VCR timeshare deposit recording practices at Coral Dune Resort & Residences and Palmetto Bluff Club; prepared at direction of counsel under Kovel doctrine
35 | VHG-PRIV-000035 | Priya Venkatesh | 2023-09-22 | Spreadsheet | Priya Venkatesh (Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC) | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Kovel | W | Crestline forensic workpaper analyzing timeshare-interest deposit transaction data for Q3 2022–Q2 2023; identifies rescission-rate of ~14.3% versus ~11% industry average; prepared at direction of counsel
36 | VHG-PRIV-000036 | Priya Venkatesh | 2023-10-15 | Memorandum | Douglas Reinhardt; Priya Venkatesh (Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC) | Howard Quinn; Liam Donahue | Kovel | W | Crestline forensic analysis of fund-flow tracing from VCR disbursements through Gulf Standard Contracting LLC, Clearwater Design Collective Inc., and Suncoast Property Services LLC bank accounts to personal expenditures; prepared under Kovel doctrine
37 | VHG-PRIV-000037 | Patricia Navarro | 2023-07-11 | Email | Patricia Navarro | Howard Quinn | AC | W | Communication from VHG General Counsel to outside counsel regarding Audit Committee resolution of July 10, 2023 to retain independent counsel for internal investigation
38 | VHG-PRIV-000038 | Thomas Rhett Griffith | 2023-08-03 | Email | Thomas Rhett Griffith | Patricia Navarro; Howard Quinn | AC | W | Communication from VHG CFO to counsel regarding VCR financial-reporting concerns and preservation obligations
39 | VHG-PRIV-000039 | Diane Kowalski | 2023-09-05 | Email | Diane Kowalski | Howard Quinn; Reginald Faulkner; Sandra Yeung | AC | W | Communication from Audit Committee Chair to outside counsel and committee members requesting status update on document review and interview scheduling
40 | VHG-PRIV-000040 | Howard Quinn | 2023-11-17 | Email | Howard Quinn | Irene Castellanos (Westlake Burris & Holt LLP) | AC/WP | W | Communication between investigation counsel and securities counsel regarding SEC voluntary production strategy and privilege log preparation for preliminary inquiry File No. HO-14237
41 | VHG-PRIV-000041 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-25 | Email | Howard Quinn | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Internal C&H team email establishing investigation workstreams, assignment of custodian review responsibilities, and interview scheduling protocols
42 | VHG-PRIV-000042 | Liam Donahue | 2023-07-26 | Email | Liam Donahue | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | WP | W | Internal C&H email transmitting draft investigation scope memorandum for partner review and comment prior to circulation to Audit Committee
43 | VHG-PRIV-000043 | Steven Hollander | 2023-07-27 | Draft | Steven Hollander | Liam Donahue | WP | W | Draft interview outline for anticipated interviews of VCR finance personnel, incorporating theories of revenue-recognition scheme
44 | VHG-PRIV-000044 | Howard Quinn | 2023-07-28 | Email | Howard Quinn | Douglas Reinhardt (Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC) | Kovel | W | Communication with Crestline forensic advisor requesting preliminary scoping analysis of VCR general ledger and vendor master file
45 | VHG-PRIV-000045 | Liam Donahue | 2023-07-31 | Memorandum | Liam Donahue; Steven Hollander | Howard Quinn | WP | W | Legal research memorandum analyzing scope of attorney-client privilege for corporate internal investigations post-Upjohn and application to Audit Committee investigations
46 | VHG-PRIV-000046 | Patricia Navarro | 2023-08-01 | Email | Patricia Navarro | Howard Quinn | AC | W | Communication from VHG GC seeking legal advice regarding scope of privilege waiver considerations in connection with potential voluntary SEC production
47 | VHG-PRIV-000047 | Howard Quinn | 2023-08-02 | Email | Howard Quinn | Patricia Navarro | AC | W | Response from outside counsel to VHG GC providing legal advice regarding selective waiver doctrine and Fed. R. Evid. 502 protections
48 | VHG-PRIV-000048 | Diane Kowalski | 2023-08-05 | Email | Diane Kowalski | Howard Quinn; Conrad Ashby | AC | W | Communication from Audit Committee Chair to counsel requesting advice on administrative leave decision for investigation subjects
49 | VHG-PRIV-000049 | Howard Quinn | 2023-08-06 | Memorandum | Howard Quinn; Liam Donahue | Diane Kowalski | AC/WP | W | Memorandum providing legal advice regarding administrative leave of Garrett Daskine, Nicole Prescott, and Ryan Serrano effective August 7, 2023, including analysis of employment agreements and D&O considerations
50 | VHG-PRIV-000050 | Conrad Ashby | 2023-08-07 | Email | Conrad Ashby | Diane Kowalski; Patricia Navarro | AC/WP | W | Communication confirming implementation of administrative leave and coordination of network access revocation for subject custodians
[sheet: Summary Statistics]
Category | Subcategory | Count | Percentage of Total
Privilege Basis | AC (Attorney-Client Privilege) | 1406 | 33.3%
Privilege Basis | WP (Work Product) | 1264 | 30.0%
Privilege Basis | AC/WP (Dual Designation) | 1105 | 26.2%
Privilege Basis | Kovel (Forensic Advisor Communications) | 443 | 10.5%
Privilege Basis | Total | 4218 | 100.0%
Withholding Status | W — Withheld in Full | 3641 | 86.3%
Withholding Status | R — Redacted | 577 | 13.7%
Withholding Status | Total | 4218 | 100.0%
Document Type | Email | 2187 | 51.8%
Document Type | Memorandum / Memo of Interview | 634 | 15.0%
Document Type | Attachment / Exhibit | 521 | 12.4%
Document Type | Spreadsheet / Workpaper | 312 | 7.4%
Document Type | Letter | 198 | 4.7%
Document Type | Report | 142 | 3.4%
Document Type | Draft / Notes | 138 | 3.3%
Document Type | Other (scripts, notices, agreements) | 86 | 2.0%
Document Type | Total | 4218 | 100.0%
Custodian | Howard Quinn (C&H) | 687 | 16.3%
Custodian | Liam Donahue (C&H) | 624 | 14.8%
Custodian | Steven Hollander (C&H) | 518 | 12.3%
Custodian | Conrad Ashby (C&H) | 302 | 7.2%
Custodian | Patricia Navarro (VHG GC) | 496 | 11.8%
Custodian | Diane Kowalski (Audit Committee Chair) | 381 | 9.0%
Custodian | Thomas Rhett Griffith (VHG CFO) | 287 | 6.8%
Custodian | Priya Venkatesh / Douglas Reinhardt (Crestline) | 443 | 10.5%
Custodian | Reginald Faulkner (Audit Committee) | 184 | 4.4%
Custodian | Sandra Yeung (Audit Committee) | 167 | 4.0%
Custodian | Other Custodians | 129 | 3.1%
Custodian | Total | 4218 | 100.0%
Date Range | July 2023 | 312 | 7.4%
Date Range | August 2023 | 578 | 13.7%
Date Range | September 2023 | 614 | 14.6%
Date Range | October 2023 | 721 | 17.1%
Date Range | November 2023 | 698 | 16.5%
Date Range | December 2023 | 842 | 20.0%
Date Range | January 2024 (through Jan 9) | 134 | 3.2%
Date Range | Pre-July 2023 (historical privileged communications) | 319 | 7.6%
Date Range | Total | 4218 | 100.0%
[sheet: Custodian Key]
Custodian Name | Title / Role | Organization | Collection Status | Custodian ID
Howard Quinn | Responsible Partner, White Collar & Investigations | Calderwood & Harkness LLP | Collected | CUS-001
Conrad Ashby | Billing Partner, White Collar & Investigations | Calderwood & Harkness LLP | Collected | CUS-002
Liam Donahue | Lead Associate, White Collar & Investigations | Calderwood & Harkness LLP | Collected | CUS-003
Steven Hollander | Working Associate, White Collar & Investigations | Calderwood & Harkness LLP | Collected | CUS-004
Patricia Navarro | General Counsel | Verimark Hospitality Group Inc. | Collected | CUS-005
Thomas Rhett Griffith | Chief Financial Officer | Verimark Hospitality Group Inc. | Collected | CUS-006
Diane Kowalski | Audit Committee Chair; Independent Director | VHG Board of Directors | Collected | CUS-007
Reginald Faulkner | Audit Committee Member; Independent Director | VHG Board of Directors | Collected | CUS-008
Sandra Yeung | Audit Committee Member; Independent Director | VHG Board of Directors | Identified — not separately collected (docs on C&H files) | CUS-009
Garrett W. Daskine | Division President (Investigation Subject) | Verimark Coastal Resorts LLC | Identified — placed on admin leave Aug 7, 2023; terminated Dec 18, 2023 | CUS-010
Nicole Prescott | VP of Finance (Investigation Subject) | Verimark Coastal Resorts LLC | Identified — placed on admin leave Aug 7, 2023; terminated Dec 18, 2023 | CUS-011
[sheet: Privilege Basis Definitions]
Code | Full Designation | Legal Basis / Description
AC | Attorney-Client Privilege | Confidential communication between client (Audit Committee, VHG officers/employees acting at direction of counsel) and attorney (Calderwood & Harkness LLP or Westlake Burris & Holt LLP) for purpose of seeking or rendering legal advice in connection with the internal investigation
WP | Attorney Work Product | Document prepared by or at the direction of counsel (Calderwood & Harkness LLP) in anticipation of litigation or in connection with the internal investigation; includes fact and opinion work product
AC/WP | Attorney-Client Privilege and Work Product (Dual) | Document protected under both attorney-client privilege and work-product doctrine; typically memoranda and reports prepared by counsel containing legal analysis communicated to the client
Kovel | Kovel Doctrine (Agent of Counsel) | Communication with or work product of Crestline Forensic Advisory LLC (engagement number CFA-VHG-2023-0089), retained as forensic accounting advisor at the direction of counsel under the Kovel doctrine; privilege extends to communications and work product created to assist counsel in rendering legal advice