MEMORANDUM
PRIVILEGED & CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT
TO: Robert Adeyemi, Responsible Partner, Capital Markets Group Jennifer Kwon, Billing Partner, Capital Markets Group
FROM: Claire Dempsey, Working Associate, Capital Markets Group
REVIEWED BY: Eric Johannsen, Lead Associate, Capital Markets Group
DATE: April 18, 2026
RE: WKSI Eligibility and Form S-3 Analysis — Cascade Retail Holdings Inc. (Nasdaq: CRHI)
MATTER NO.: 1038-00003
CLIENT: Cascade Retail Holdings Inc.
I. Executive Summary
The purpose of this memorandum is to analyze whether Cascade Retail Holdings Inc. ("CRH" or the "Company") is eligible to register securities on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and whether the Company qualifies as a Well-Known Seasoned Issuer ("WKSI") under Rule 405 of the Securities Act. This analysis is being conducted in connection with the Company's proposed filing of a new universal shelf registration statement covering up to $3,000,000,000 in aggregate offering amount of securities (the "New Shelf"). The Company has engaged Calderwood & Harkness LLP to serve as issuer's counsel in connection with the preparation and filing of the New Shelf and any subsequent takedown offerings thereunder.
Based on the analysis set forth herein, we conclude that CRH satisfies all requirements for use of Form S-3 under General Instruction I.A of that form, and further qualifies as a WKSI under Rule 405 of the Securities Act. As a consequence, the New Shelf, filed as an automatic shelf registration statement pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(x) of the Securities Act, will become effective immediately upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") under Rule 462(e) without SEC staff review and without the need for a pre-effective amendment or any waiting period.
This analysis is particularly time-sensitive because the Company's existing shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-248710), which was filed on June 12, 2023, and declared effective on June 28, 2023, is approaching the end of its three-year shelf life and will expire on June 28, 2026. The Company has identified a target filing date for the New Shelf of May 26, 2026, which will provide approximately one month of overlap between the New Shelf becoming effective and the expiration of the prior shelf, thereby ensuring continuous shelf registration capacity and uninterrupted access to the capital markets.
This memorandum sets forth in detail the factual background concerning CRH, the applicable legal requirements under the Securities Act and the rules and forms promulgated thereunder, and our analysis of each element of eligibility and qualification. Certain diligence items remain open and are identified in Section VII below; this memorandum should be updated to reflect the results of such diligence prior to the filing of the New Shelf.
II. Background — Cascade Retail Holdings Inc.
The following background information is based on publicly available filings with the SEC, information provided by Company counsel, and our own independent review of publicly available records. This section is intended to provide context for the eligibility analysis that follows.
Corporate Organization. Cascade Retail Holdings Inc. is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 14, 2001 (Delaware File Number 3487201). The Company's registered agent in Delaware is National Registered Agents of Delaware, Inc., located at 160 Greentree Drive, Suite 101, Dover, Delaware 19904. The Company's corporate headquarters are located at 4200 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 1100, Bellevue, Washington 98004. Its Employer Identification Number is 91-2074583 and its Central Index Key ("CIK") Number on the SEC's EDGAR system is 0001287450.
Public Listing. The Company's common stock has been listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol "CRHI" since March 22, 2004, when the Company completed its initial public offering. The Company's transfer agent and registrar is Meridian Trust Company, N.A.
Business Operations. CRH is an omni-channel retail and e-commerce company that operates 387 physical retail stores across 29 U.S. states and 41 stores in Canada through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cascade Retail Canada ULC, a British Columbia unlimited liability company. In addition to its physical retail footprint, the Company operates a direct-to-consumer digital commerce platform through Cascade Digital Commerce Inc., a Delaware corporation. The Company's operations span multiple retail categories and serve a broad consumer demographic across North America.
Fiscal Year. The Company's fiscal year ends on January 31 of each year. References in this memorandum to "FY2026" refer to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, the Company's most recently completed fiscal year.
Executive Management. The Company's principal executive officers include:
• Franklin "Frank" Alvarez — Chief Executive Officer
• Marcus Cheng — Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
• Diane Kowalski — Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary
Board of Directors. The Company's Board of Directors is composed of 11 members, nine of whom have been determined by the Board to be independent under the applicable rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market and the SEC. The Board maintains standing Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Corporate Governance committees, each composed entirely of independent directors.
Material Subsidiaries. The Company conducts its operations principally through the following material subsidiaries:
• Cascade Retail Operating Company LLC — a Delaware limited liability company and the Company's primary operating subsidiary, through which the Company's U.S. retail store operations are conducted;
• Cascade Digital Commerce Inc. — a Delaware corporation that operates the Company's direct-to-consumer digital commerce platform;
• CRH Distribution Services LLC — a Washington limited liability company that manages the Company's supply chain and distribution center operations; and
• Cascade Retail Canada ULC — a British Columbia, Canada unlimited liability company that conducts the Company's Canadian retail operations.
Independent Auditor. The Company's independent registered public accounting firm is Granville & Hooper LLP, which has served as the Company's auditor since the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019 (FY2019). Granville & Hooper LLP issued an unqualified opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting for FY2026.
Capitalization. As of March 15, 2026, the Company's authorized capital stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of such date, 214,600,000 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding. No shares of preferred stock have been issued or are outstanding.
Financial Profile. For FY2026, the Company reported total revenue of approximately $11.42 billion, net income of approximately $487.3 million, and adjusted EBITDA of approximately $1.14 billion (representing an adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 9.99%). As of January 31, 2026, the Company had total assets of approximately $9.67 billion, total debt of approximately $2.18 billion, and cash and cash equivalents of approximately $610 million, resulting in net debt of approximately $1.57 billion and a net debt-to-adjusted EBITDA ratio of approximately 1.38×. The Company currently pays a quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per share, representing an annualized dividend of $0.88 per share and an aggregate annual dividend payout of approximately $188.8 million.
III. Form S-3 Eligibility Analysis — General Instruction I.A
Form S-3 is a short-form registration statement available under the Securities Act for primary and secondary offerings of securities by issuers that satisfy certain eligibility requirements. The principal advantage of Form S-3 is that it permits incorporation by reference of the registrant's Exchange Act reports, thereby reducing the volume of disclosure required to be included directly in the registration statement and enabling shelf registration of securities for future issuance. The eligibility requirements for Form S-3 are set forth in General Instructions I.A (registrant requirements) and I.B (transaction requirements). We address each in turn.
A. Registrant Requirements (General Instruction I.A.1–I.A.5)
General Instruction I.A of Form S-3 sets forth five registrant requirements, each of which must be satisfied for the registrant to be eligible to use the form. Our analysis of each requirement as applied to CRH follows.
1. Organization and Principal Place of Business (General Instruction I.A.1). General Instruction I.A.1 requires that the registrant be organized under the laws of the United States or any State thereof, or the District of Columbia, and have its principal business operations in the United States or its territories.
CRH is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, having been incorporated on September 14, 2001. The Company's principal business operations are located in the United States, with its corporate headquarters in Bellevue, Washington and the substantial majority of its retail operations and revenue generated within the United States. Although the Company conducts certain retail operations in Canada through Cascade Retail Canada ULC, the Company's principal business operations are, and at all relevant times have been, located within the United States.
Conclusion: CRH satisfies the requirement of General Instruction I.A.1.
2. Reporting History (General Instruction I.A.2). General Instruction I.A.2 requires that the registrant have been subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and have filed all reports required to be filed thereunder for a period of at least 12 calendar months immediately preceding the filing of the registration statement (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports).
CRH has been subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 of the Exchange Act continuously since March 22, 2004, the date of its initial public offering and listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. This represents a reporting history of more than 22 years. The requirement of 12 calendar months of reporting history is therefore satisfied by a substantial margin. Our review of the Company's EDGAR filing history, discussed in greater detail below, confirms that the Company has filed all required Exchange Act reports during the relevant period.
Conclusion: CRH satisfies the requirement of General Instruction I.A.2.
3. Timely Filing of Exchange Act Reports (General Instruction I.A.3). General Instruction I.A.3 requires that the registrant have filed in a timely manner all reports required to be filed pursuant to Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the 12 calendar months and any portion of a month immediately preceding the filing of the registration statement (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports). In addition, the registrant must have filed in a timely manner the most recent annual report required to be filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
We have conducted a review of CRH's EDGAR filing history under CIK 0001287450 covering the period from May 2025 through April 2026, which encompasses the 12 calendar months immediately preceding the anticipated filing date of the New Shelf on May 26, 2026. Based on this review, we have confirmed the timely filing of the following reports:
• Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 (FY2026), which was filed with the SEC within the 60-day filing deadline applicable to large accelerated filers;
• Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for each of the quarters ended May 3, 2025, August 2, 2025, and November 1, 2025, each of which was filed with the SEC within the 40-day filing deadline applicable to large accelerated filers;
• Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed as required upon the occurrence of reportable events during the relevant period; and
• Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Company's 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC in accordance with applicable timing requirements.
Our review did not identify any delinquent filings or any failure by CRH to timely file any required Exchange Act report during the relevant period. We have also received preliminary verbal confirmation from Anya Petrova, VP, Deputy General Counsel of CRH, that the Company is not aware of any delinquent Exchange Act filings. A formal written officer's certificate confirming the timely filing of all Exchange Act reports during the relevant period will be obtained from the Company prior to the filing of the New Shelf.
Conclusion: Based on the foregoing review and subject to receipt of the officer's certificate, CRH satisfies the requirement of General Instruction I.A.3.
4. No Default on Debt Obligations (General Instruction I.A.4). General Instruction I.A.4 provides that a registrant is not eligible to use Form S-3 if, since the end of the last fiscal year covered by an annual report required to be filed under Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant has (i) failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred stock, or (ii) defaulted on any installment of indebtedness for borrowed money, or (iii) defaulted on any rental on one or more long-term leases, in each case where such default or failure, in the aggregate, is material to the financial position of the registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries taken as a whole.
Based on our preliminary diligence, including representations made by Anya Petrova, VP, Deputy General Counsel of the Company, CRH has not, since the end of its most recently completed fiscal year (January 31, 2026), experienced any such defaults or failures. Specifically, we have reviewed the following material debt obligations and confirmed no default or event of default:
• $1.5 Billion Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility with Northgate Capital Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, syndicated among a consortium of lenders. The facility has a maturity date of August 15, 2029. As of the date of this memorandum, approximately $430 million is drawn under the facility. No events of default have been identified, and the Company has confirmed compliance with all financial covenants contained therein, including the maximum leverage ratio covenant and the minimum interest coverage ratio covenant.
• 4.250% Senior Notes due 2031 — $750 million aggregate principal amount outstanding, issued pursuant to an indenture dated as of November 2024 by and between CRH and Meridian Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. All semi-annual interest payments have been made when due. No events of default have been identified.
• 5.125% Senior Notes due 2034 — $500 million aggregate principal amount outstanding, issued pursuant to a separate indenture by and between CRH and Meridian Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. All semi-annual interest payments have been made when due. No events of default have been identified.
As noted in Section VII below, we will obtain formal written confirmation from the Company regarding the absence of defaults or events of default under each of these instruments prior to the filing of the New Shelf.
CRH has no preferred stock outstanding and accordingly has not failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred stock. With respect to long-term lease obligations, CRH disclosed approximately $3.2 billion in operating lease liabilities in its most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, primarily related to its retail store locations and distribution centers. We are not aware of any material defaults on such lease obligations, and the Company's in-house counsel has confirmed no such defaults.
Conclusion: Based on the foregoing analysis and subject to receipt of formal confirmations, CRH satisfies the requirement of General Instruction I.A.4.
5. No Ineligible Issuers (General Instruction I.A.5). General Instruction I.A.5, together with the related provisions of Rule 405 of the Securities Act, requires that the registrant not be a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act), a blank check company (as defined in Rule 419 under the Securities Act), or an issuer of asset-backed securities, nor otherwise ineligible to use the form.
CRH is an operating company with substantial revenue, employees, and physical and digital retail operations. It is not a shell company, as it has substantial operations and assets beyond nominal levels. It is not a blank check company, as its business plan is fully developed and it does not propose to engage in a merger or acquisition with an unidentified company. It is not an issuer of asset-backed securities. We are not aware of any other condition that would render CRH ineligible to use Form S-3 under General Instruction I.A.5.
Conclusion: CRH satisfies the requirement of General Instruction I.A.5.
B. Transaction Requirement — General Instruction I.B.1 (Primary Offerings)
In addition to the registrant requirements of General Instruction I.A, Form S-3 imposes transaction requirements under General Instruction I.B that vary depending on the type of offering being registered. Because the New Shelf is a universal shelf registration statement intended to cover primary offerings by the Company (as well as potentially secondary offerings by selling securityholders), the relevant transaction requirement is that set forth in General Instruction I.B.1 for primary offerings by or on behalf of the registrant.
General Instruction I.B.1 requires that the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates (commonly referred to as "public float") equal or exceed $75 million. This threshold is calculated by reference to a price within 60 days of the filing of the registration statement.
As set forth in greater detail in Section IV.C below, CRH's public float is approximately $5,901,238,246, calculated as of April 4, 2026. This amount exceeds the $75 million threshold by approximately $5.83 billion and is approximately 78.7 times the required minimum amount.
Accordingly, CRH is eligible to conduct primary offerings of any type of security on Form S-3, including offerings of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities (both senior and subordinated), depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts, and units consisting of combinations of such securities.
We note that the alternative transaction requirements under General Instruction I.B.2 through I.B.5 (applicable to secondary offerings, offerings of non-convertible securities, and certain other transaction types) are not separately analyzed here because the Company satisfies the more broadly enabling requirement of General Instruction I.B.1.
C. Conclusion on Form S-3 Eligibility
Based on the foregoing analysis, CRH satisfies all five registrant requirements under General Instruction I.A of Form S-3 and the transaction requirement under General Instruction I.B.1 for primary offerings. CRH is fully eligible to use Form S-3 for the proposed New Shelf universal shelf registration statement. This conclusion is subject to the final confirmations and diligence items identified in Section VII below.
IV. WKSI Qualification Analysis — Rule 405 of the Securities Act
A. Definition of WKSI Under Rule 405
Rule 405 of the Securities Act defines a "well-known seasoned issuer" as an issuer that, as of the most recent "determination date" (generally, the date of filing of the most recent annual report on Form 10-K, or in the case of an automatic shelf filing, the date of filing of such registration statement), satisfies the following conditions:
(i) The issuer meets the registrant requirements of Form S-3 (or, for foreign private issuers, Form F-3) and is eligible to register a primary offering of its securities on such form;
(ii) Either:
(a) as of a date within 60 days before the determination date, the aggregate worldwide market value of the issuer's outstanding voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates (i.e., public float) is $700 million or more; or
(b) the issuer has issued in the last three years at least $1 billion aggregate principal amount of non-convertible securities (other than common equity) in registered primary offerings for cash, not exchange; and
(iii) The issuer is not an "ineligible issuer" as defined in Rule 405.
The WKSI determination is significant because it unlocks a set of regulatory benefits that substantially enhance the speed, flexibility, and efficiency of the capital-raising process for qualifying issuers. These benefits are discussed in Section V below.
B. Form S-3 Eligibility — Confirmed
As analyzed in detail in Section III above, CRH satisfies all registrant requirements of Form S-3 and is eligible to register a primary offering of its securities on that form. The first element of the WKSI definition is therefore satisfied.
C. Public Float Calculation
CRH proposes to qualify as a WKSI under the public float test set forth in clause (ii)(a) of the Rule 405 definition, which requires a public float of $700 million or more. Our calculation of CRH's public float is as follows:
Outstanding Shares of Common Stock. As of March 15, 2026, the Company had 214,600,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, based on the Company's internal share records as provided to us by the office of the Corporate Secretary. This figure is consistent with the share count disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for FY2026.
Authorized Capital Stock. The Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. No shares of preferred stock have been issued or are outstanding.
Determination of Affiliate-Held Shares. Under Rule 405, the public float calculation requires exclusion of shares held by "affiliates" of the issuer. An "affiliate" is defined under Rule 405 to mean a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the issuer. For purposes of this calculation, we have treated as affiliates all directors, executive officers, and other persons known to us (based on publicly available beneficial ownership information) to exercise control over the Company.
Based on our review of the most recent definitive proxy statement filed by the Company on Schedule 14A, and supplemented by our review of Forms 3, 4, and 5 filed by the Company's directors and officers under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, we estimate that approximately 13.2% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock are held by directors, executive officers, and other affiliates of the Company. This translates to approximately 28,327,200 shares (214,600,000 × 13.2%).
Non-Affiliate Shares. Subtracting affiliate-held shares from total outstanding shares yields approximately 186,272,800 non-affiliate shares. We note that the precise non-affiliate share count derived from the Company's most recent proxy filing, after accounting for rounding and updates between the applicable record dates, is 186,276,480 shares. We use the latter, more precise figure for purposes of our calculation.
Reference Stock Price. For purposes of this analysis, we have used the closing price of CRH common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 4, 2026, which was $31.68 per share. This date falls within the 60-day window preceding the anticipated filing date of May 26, 2026, as required by Rule 405 for the public float calculation.
Public Float Calculation:
186,276,480 non-affiliate shares × $31.68 per share = $5,901,238,246
WKSI Threshold Comparison. The WKSI public float threshold under Rule 405 is $700,000,000. CRH's calculated public float of approximately $5,901,238,246 exceeds this threshold by approximately $5,201,238,246, representing approximately 8.4 times the minimum required amount. Even if the Company's stock price were to decline significantly between now and the filing date, CRH would continue to satisfy the $700 million threshold by a substantial margin. For context, CRH's stock price would need to decline to approximately $3.76 per share (an approximately 88% decline from the April 4, 2026 closing price) before the Company's public float would fall below the WKSI threshold. We do not consider such a decline to be a reasonably foreseeable risk.
Total Market Capitalization. For reference purposes, the total market capitalization of CRH as of April 4, 2026 is approximately $6,798,528,000 (214,600,000 shares × $31.68 per share).
We note that the public float calculation should be updated using a stock price within 60 days of the actual filing date of the New Shelf. Assuming the filing occurs on or about May 26, 2026, any closing price between approximately March 27, 2026 and May 26, 2026 may be used. The April 4, 2026 price used herein provides a reasonable current estimate, and we do not anticipate any material change to the analysis.
D. Ineligible Issuer Analysis — Rule 405
The third element of WKSI qualification requires that the issuer not be an "ineligible issuer" as defined in Rule 405. Rule 405 sets forth a number of conditions, any one of which would render an issuer ineligible and thereby disqualify it from WKSI status (and, in certain cases, from using certain free writing prospectuses and other communications). We have analyzed each condition as applied to CRH.
1. Bankruptcy / Receivership. Under Rule 405, an issuer is an "ineligible issuer" if it has filed a petition for, or has been the subject of, any bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding within the past three years, or if it has been the subject of a proceeding for the appointment of a receiver, fiscal agent, or similar officer within such period. Based on our review of publicly available records and information provided by Company counsel, CRH is not and has not been in bankruptcy, insolvency, or receivership proceedings, nor has it been the subject of any such proceedings during the prior three-year period or at any time during its history as a public company.
Conclusion: CRH is not disqualified under this condition.
2. Blank Check Company / Shell Company. An issuer is an "ineligible issuer" if it is a blank check company (as defined in Rule 419 under the Securities Act), a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act), or an issuer of penny stock (as defined in Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act) at any time during the three years preceding the determination date. CRH is an operating omni-channel retail and e-commerce company with approximately $11.42 billion in annual revenue for FY2026, approximately 387 physical retail stores in the United States, 41 stores in Canada, a significant digital commerce platform, and thousands of employees. The Company has substantial assets, ongoing business operations, and regular revenue-generating activities. CRH is manifestly not a blank check company, shell company, or issuer of penny stock, and has not been at any time during the relevant period.
Conclusion: CRH is not disqualified under this condition.
3. Violations of Securities Laws. An issuer is an "ineligible issuer" if it has been convicted of any felony or misdemeanor described in Sections 15(b)(4)(B) and (C) of the Exchange Act within the past three years. These provisions encompass convictions for criminal offenses involving the purchase or sale of securities, making false filings with the SEC, and other specified securities law violations. Based on our preliminary diligence, including a review of publicly available records and representations from Company counsel, CRH has not been convicted of any such felony or misdemeanor during the relevant period or at any time.
Conclusion: CRH is not disqualified under this condition.
4. SEC Orders — Cease and Desist / Revocation. An issuer is an "ineligible issuer" if it is the subject of any pending SEC administrative proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act (cease and desist proceedings) or if the SEC has, within the past three years, issued an order revoking or suspending the registration of any class of the issuer's securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act. Based on our review of publicly available SEC enforcement records, Commission orders, and administrative proceedings, no such orders or proceedings have been identified with respect to CRH. Company counsel has confirmed that the Company is not aware of any such orders or pending proceedings.
Conclusion: CRH is not disqualified under this condition.
5. Filing of Reports with Criminal Information / Indictment. An issuer is an "ineligible issuer" if it has filed any Exchange Act report during the 12-month period preceding the determination date that was required to be filed during a period in which the issuer was the subject of a pending judicial or administrative proceeding arising under any federal or state securities law, or any proceeding involving a federal or state criminal statute, in which the issuer was named as a defendant or respondent. Based on our preliminary diligence and representations from Company counsel, CRH was not the subject of any such pending proceedings during any period in which it filed Exchange Act reports during the prior 12 months.
Conclusion: CRH is not disqualified under this condition.
6. Restatements. An issuer is an "ineligible issuer" if, within the 12 calendar months preceding the determination date (or during any portion of such month), the issuer has been required to file one or more restatements of its financial statements to correct a material error, where such restatement arises from material non-compliance with the applicable financial reporting requirements (including material errors found in previously filed financial statements). Based on our preliminary diligence, including a review of the Company's EDGAR filings and representations from Company counsel, CRH has not been required to file any restatement of its financial statements during the prior 12-month period.
We note, however, that formal confirmation of this point will be sought from the Company during the management diligence call currently scheduled for May 19, 2026. We will also request that the officer's certificate to be delivered by the Company prior to the filing of the New Shelf include a specific representation regarding the absence of financial statement restatements.
Conclusion: Based on preliminary diligence and subject to formal confirmation, CRH is not disqualified under this condition.
E. Conclusion on WKSI Status
Based on the foregoing analysis, CRH satisfies all three elements of the WKSI definition under Rule 405 of the Securities Act:
1. CRH meets the registrant requirements of Form S-3 and is eligible to register primary offerings of its securities on that form (as established in Section III above).
2. CRH's public float of approximately $5,901,238,246, calculated as of April 4, 2026, substantially exceeds the $700 million WKSI threshold.
3. CRH is not an "ineligible issuer" under any of the conditions specified in Rule 405.
Accordingly, CRH qualifies as a Well-Known Seasoned Issuer under Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
V. Implications of WKSI Status for the Shelf Registration
WKSI status confers a number of significant regulatory benefits in connection with the filing and use of the New Shelf. These benefits are summarized below.
A. Automatic Shelf Registration — Rule 462(e) and Rule 415(a)(1)(x)
The most significant benefit of WKSI status is the ability to file an "automatic shelf registration statement" on Form S-3 pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(x) of the Securities Act. An automatic shelf registration statement becomes effective automatically upon filing with the SEC under Rule 462(e). This means that:
• The registration statement does not require review or declaration of effectiveness by the SEC staff.
• There is no waiting period between filing and effectiveness.
• The Company does not need to file any pre-effective amendment.
• The registration statement is effective for all purposes under the Securities Act immediately upon its electronic filing on EDGAR.
This is a substantial advantage over non-WKSI shelf registration statements, which are subject to SEC staff review and may require one or more rounds of comments before being declared effective — a process that can take several weeks or longer. The automatic effectiveness feature ensures that CRH will have immediate shelf capacity upon filing of the New Shelf on the target date of May 26, 2026.
B. Pay-As-You-Go Registration Fees
As a WKSI filing an automatic shelf registration statement, CRH may elect to defer payment of SEC registration fees on a "pay-as-you-go" basis under Rule 456(b) of the Securities Act. Under this approach, rather than paying the full registration fee for the entire aggregate dollar amount of securities covered by the shelf at the time of filing, the Company would pay the applicable registration fee only at the time of each individual takedown offering, calculated based on the aggregate offering price of the securities sold in such offering.
Alternatively, CRH may elect to pay the full estimated SEC filing fee at the time of filing the New Shelf. Based on the proposed aggregate offering amount of $3,000,000,000 and the current SEC fee rate for fiscal year 2026 of $153.10 per $1,000,000 of securities registered, the estimated total filing fee for the New Shelf would be calculated as follows:
$3,000,000,000 ÷ $1,000,000 = 3,000 × $153.10 = $459,300.00
The decision regarding the fee payment approach will be discussed with Marcus Cheng (SVP, Chief Financial Officer) and Thomas Briggs (VP, Treasury & Capital Markets) during the preparation phase. Pay-as-you-go provides a cash flow advantage, as fees are deferred until actually needed, but requires careful tracking to ensure proper fee payment at the time of each takedown. We will advise the Company on the relative merits of each approach.
C. Flexibility in Securities Types and Amounts
A WKSI automatic shelf registration statement provides maximum flexibility regarding the types and amounts of securities that may be registered. Specifically:
• The registration statement is not required to specify the aggregate dollar amount of securities to be offered at the time of filing, although CRH has identified a target aggregate offering amount of $3,000,000,000 for internal planning and disclosure purposes.
• The Company may add additional classes of securities not originally included in the base prospectus through post-effective amendments filed under Rule 413(a), which also become effective automatically upon filing for WKSIs.
• The Company may increase the aggregate offering amount covered by the registration statement at any time through a post-effective amendment or, in certain cases, through a prospectus supplement.
• No new registration statement is required to accommodate changes in the types or amounts of securities covered.
For the New Shelf, the Company anticipates registering the following types of securities:
• Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
• Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, which may be issued in one or more series
• Debt securities, including senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities
• Depositary shares representing fractional interests in shares of preferred stock
• Warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities
• Subscription rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities
• Purchase contracts obligating holders to purchase common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities
• Units consisting of combinations of two or more of the foregoing securities
D. Prospectus Supplement Takedowns
Individual offerings of securities under the New Shelf will be conducted through prospectus supplements filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act. Each prospectus supplement will set forth the specific terms of the securities being offered, the offering price, the plan of distribution, and other transaction-specific information supplementing the base prospectus included in the registration statement.
Based on preliminary discussions with the Company and its financial advisors, the following near-term takedown programs are currently anticipated:
• At-the-Market (ATM) Equity Offering Program. The Company is in discussions with Redmond Zanthor & Co. LLC regarding the establishment of an ATM equity offering program under which the Company would sell shares of common stock from time to time through Redmond Zanthor as sales agent, at prevailing market prices. The ATM program would be documented through an equity distribution agreement and a prospectus supplement filed under the New Shelf.
• Potential Debt Securities Offering. The Company is also in discussions with Redmond Zanthor & Co. LLC regarding a potential offering of senior debt securities, the terms of which (including tenor, coupon, and aggregate principal amount) remain under discussion. For reference, the Company's current credit ratings are as follows:
• Clearfield Rating Services Inc.: BBB, stable outlook (as of February 2025)
• Atlas Rating Group LLC: Baa2, stable outlook (as of March 2025)
These investment-grade credit ratings support the Company's ability to access the debt capital markets on favorable terms.
• Additional Underwriters. Pinnacle Bancorp Securities LLC is anticipated to serve as co-managing underwriter for future takedown offerings under the New Shelf. Hargrove & Lassiter LLP is anticipated to serve as underwriters' counsel for such offerings.
E. Three-Year Shelf Life
Under Rule 415(a)(5) of the Securities Act, a shelf registration statement is effective for a period of three years from the date of initial effectiveness. For an automatic shelf registration statement filed by a WKSI, effectiveness occurs immediately upon filing. Accordingly, if the New Shelf is filed on the target date of May 26, 2026, it would remain effective until approximately May 26, 2029, subject to the provisions of Rule 415(a)(5) regarding shelf renewal and any changes to the Company's WKSI status during the shelf period.
The anticipated three-year shelf life of the New Shelf provides ample overlap with the expiration of the Company's existing shelf registration statement (File No. 333-248710) on June 28, 2026. Specifically, a filing on May 26, 2026 would result in approximately 33 days of dual-shelf coverage (from May 26, 2026 through June 28, 2026), during which the Company would have the option to conduct takedowns under either shelf. Following the expiration of the prior shelf, all future offerings would be conducted exclusively under the New Shelf.
VI. Prior Shelf Registration — Expiration Considerations
An analysis of the expiration of the Company's existing shelf registration statement is relevant to the timing and planning of the New Shelf filing.
Existing Shelf Details. The Company's existing shelf registration statement was filed with the SEC on Form S-3 on June 12, 2023, and was declared effective by the SEC on June 28, 2023, under File No. 333-248710. The existing shelf covers the offer and sale of up to $2,500,000,000 in aggregate offering amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts, and units.
Expiration Date. Under Rule 415(a)(5) of the Securities Act, the existing shelf will expire on June 28, 2026 — three years from its date of effectiveness. After such date, no new takedown offerings may be commenced under the existing shelf.
Takedowns Completed to Date. The Company has conducted two takedown offerings under the existing shelf:
1. August 2023 Common Equity Offering: The Company sold $800,000,000 in aggregate offering amount of shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering conducted through a prospectus supplement filed under the existing shelf. This offering was used to fund, in part, the expansion of the Company's digital commerce platform and related capital expenditures.
2. November 2024 Senior Notes Offering: The Company sold $475,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of senior notes in a registered debt offering conducted through a prospectus supplement filed under the existing shelf. The notes bear interest at 5.125% per annum and mature in 2034.
Remaining Capacity. Total takedowns to date under the existing shelf aggregate $1,275,000,000. Accordingly, the remaining unused capacity under the existing shelf is:
$2,500,000,000 – $1,275,000,000 = $1,225,000,000
This remaining capacity will be available for use until June 28, 2026, after which it will expire unused unless the Company conducts additional takedowns before that date. Any offerings in progress at the time of expiration would need to be completed prior to the expiration date or transitioned to the New Shelf.
Increased Shelf Capacity. The proposed New Shelf at $3,000,000,000 represents an increase of $500,000,000 over the $2,500,000,000 aggregate amount of the existing shelf. This increase reflects the Company's growth trajectory, expanding capital needs, and the desire to maintain maximum financial flexibility over the three-year life of the New Shelf.
Timing Recommendation. In order to ensure continuous and uninterrupted shelf registration capacity, and to provide a reasonable buffer against any unforeseen delays in the filing process, we recommend that the New Shelf be filed with the SEC no later than May 26, 2026, which is approximately 33 days prior to the expiration of the existing shelf. Given that the New Shelf will become effective automatically upon filing by virtue of CRH's WKSI status, this filing date will ensure that the Company has an effective shelf registration statement at all times and will avoid any gap in shelf capacity.
VII. Open Diligence Items and Confirmations Required
While our analysis supports the conclusion that CRH is eligible for Form S-3 and qualifies as a WKSI, several diligence items remain open and must be completed prior to the filing of the New Shelf. These items are listed below, together with the status of each as of the date of this memorandum.
1. Officer's Certificate — Timely Filing of Exchange Act Reports. We have received preliminary verbal confirmation from Anya Petrova, VP, Deputy General Counsel of CRH, that all Exchange Act filings required to be made during the relevant 12-month period have been filed on a timely basis. A formal written officer's certificate to this effect must be obtained from the Company prior to filing. Status: Verbal confirmation received; written certificate to be delivered.
2. Confirmation of Absence of Financial Statement Restatements. We require formal confirmation from the Company that CRH has not been required to file any restatement of its consolidated financial statements within the 12 calendar months preceding the filing date due to material non-compliance with applicable financial reporting requirements. This confirmation will be sought during the management diligence call scheduled for May 19, 2026, and will be incorporated into the officer's certificate. Status: Pending.
3. Updated Affiliate Ownership Analysis. Our current affiliate ownership estimate of approximately 13.2% is based on the most recent definitive proxy statement and Section 16 filings available as of the date of this memorandum. This analysis should be updated based on any Section 16 filings or other beneficial ownership reports filed between now and the filing date to ensure accuracy of the public float calculation. Status: To be updated prior to filing.
4. Verification of Good Standing. We will obtain certificates of good standing (or the equivalent) for CRH in the State of Delaware and for each material subsidiary in its respective jurisdiction of organization. Good standing is not a strict requirement for Form S-3 eligibility, but is customary in connection with shelf registration filings and is often requested by underwriters in connection with takedown offerings. Status: To be ordered.
5. SEC Enforcement Proceedings and Comment Letters. We will confirm with the Company and through independent review of publicly available SEC records that there are no pending or threatened SEC enforcement proceedings, investigations, or formal or informal inquiries involving CRH or any of its officers, directors, or controlled persons. We will also review the Company's recent SEC correspondence files to determine whether any unresolved SEC staff comment letters are outstanding. Status: Preliminary review completed; formal confirmation pending.
6. Confirmation of No Defaults Under Debt Instruments. We require formal written confirmation from the Company that no defaults or events of default exist under the Northgate Capital Bank, N.A. senior secured revolving credit facility, or under the indentures governing the 4.250% Senior Notes due 2031 and the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2034. This confirmation should address both payment defaults and covenant defaults. Status: Preliminary verbal confirmation received; written confirmation to be delivered.
Target Completion Date. All of the foregoing confirmations and diligence items should be completed on or before May 23, 2026, to allow sufficient time for final review before the target filing date of May 26, 2026.
VIII. Conclusion and Recommendations
Based on the analysis set forth in this memorandum, and subject to the completion of the open diligence items identified in Section VII above, we reach the following conclusions and make the following recommendations:
Conclusions:
1. CRH satisfies all registrant requirements under General Instruction I.A of Form S-3 and the transaction requirement under General Instruction I.B.1 for primary offerings. CRH is eligible to file a registration statement on Form S-3.
2. CRH qualifies as a Well-Known Seasoned Issuer under Rule 405 of the Securities Act, based on its satisfaction of the Form S-3 registrant requirements, its public float of approximately $5.9 billion (which exceeds the $700 million WKSI threshold by approximately 8.4 times), and its status as an eligible issuer.
3. The New Shelf, covering up to $3,000,000,000 in aggregate offering amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, purchase contracts, and units, may be filed as an automatic shelf registration statement pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(x) of the Securities Act and will become effective immediately upon filing with the SEC under Rule 462(e), without SEC staff review.
Recommendations:
1. Calderwood & Harkness LLP should proceed to prepare the initial draft of the Form S-3 registration statement (including the base prospectus), with a target date for circulation of the first draft to the Company and its financial advisors of May 5, 2026.
2. The Company should schedule a meeting of the Board of Directors (or, if authorized, the appropriate committee of the Board) in mid-May 2026 to approve the filing of the New Shelf, authorize the issuance of the securities to be registered thereunder, and adopt any necessary board resolutions in connection therewith. Calderwood & Harkness LLP will prepare draft board resolutions for the Company's review.
3. The New Shelf should be filed with the SEC no later than May 26, 2026, in order to ensure continuous shelf registration capacity in advance of the June 28, 2026 expiration of the prior shelf (File No. 333-248710).
4. This memorandum should be updated to reflect the final results of all diligence confirmations prior to the filing of the New Shelf.
5. The decision regarding pay-as-you-go registration fees versus full fee payment at the time of filing should be discussed with the Company's treasury team and finalized prior to the filing date.
We are available to discuss any aspect of this analysis at your convenience.
Appendix A — Key Financial and Market Data Summary
The following table summarizes key financial and market data for CRH relevant to the eligibility and WKSI analyses set forth in this memorandum.
Appendix B — Timeline of Key Dates
The following table sets forth a chronological timeline of key dates relevant to the Company's corporate history, the existing and proposed shelf registration statements, and the anticipated workstream for the New Shelf filing.
This memorandum is a privileged and confidential attorney work product of Calderwood & Harkness LLP, prepared for the sole use of the addressees identified above in connection with Calderwood & Harkness LLP's representation of Cascade Retail Holdings Inc. This memorandum does not constitute a legal opinion and is subject to revision based on the completion of the open diligence items identified herein and any changes in applicable law or facts. This memorandum should not be relied upon by, or distributed to, any person other than the addressees without the prior written consent of Calderwood & Harkness LLP.
| Item | Value |
| Shares of common stock outstanding | 214,600,000 (as of March 15, 2026) |
| Authorized common stock | 500,000,000 shares, par value $0.01 per share |
| Authorized preferred stock | 25,000,000 shares, par value $0.01 per share (none issued) |
| Closing price of CRHI common stock (April 4, 2026) | $31.68 |
| Total market capitalization | ~$6,798,528,000 |
| Insider / affiliate ownership | ~13.2% (~28,327,200 shares) |
| Non-affiliate shares | ~186,276,480 |
| Public float (market value of non-affiliate common equity) | ~$5,901,238,246 |
| WKSI public float threshold | $700,000,000 |
| FY2026 total revenue | $11.42 billion |
| FY2026 net income | $487.3 million |
| FY2026 adjusted EBITDA | $1.14 billion (9.99% margin) |
| Total assets (as of January 31, 2026) | $9.67 billion |
| Total debt (as of January 31, 2026) | $2.18 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents (as of January 31, 2026) | $610 million |
| Net debt | $1.57 billion |
| Net debt / adjusted EBITDA | 1.38× |
| Quarterly cash dividend per share | $0.22 ($0.88 annualized; ~$188.8M annual payout) |
| Proposed new shelf aggregate offering amount | $3,000,000,000 |
| Estimated SEC filing fee (at $153.10 per $1,000,000) | $459,300.00 |
| Date | Event |
| September 14, 2001 | Cascade Retail Holdings Inc. incorporated in Delaware |
| March 22, 2004 | CRH common stock listed on Nasdaq Global Select Market (ticker: CRHI) |
| June 12, 2023 | Prior shelf registration statement filed with SEC (File No. 333-248710) |
| June 28, 2023 | Prior shelf registration statement declared effective |
| August 2023 | $800,000,000 common equity offering takedown under prior shelf |
| November 2024 | $475,000,000 senior notes offering takedown under prior shelf |
| January 31, 2026 | FY2026 fiscal year end |
| April 4, 2026 | Reference date for closing stock price ($31.68 per share) |
| April 6, 2026 | Matter opened at Calderwood & Harkness LLP (Matter No. 1038-00003) |
| April 18, 2026 | Date of this memorandum |
| May 5, 2026 | Target: circulation of first draft Form S-3 registration statement |
| Mid-May 2026 | Target: CRH Board meeting to approve New Shelf and related resolutions |
| May 19, 2026 | Target: management diligence call |
| May 23, 2026 | Target: completion of all open diligence items and confirmations |
| May 26, 2026 | Target: filing of New Shelf with SEC / automatic effectiveness |
| June 28, 2026 | Expiration of prior shelf registration statement (File No. 333-248710) |
| May 26, 2029 | Anticipated expiration of New Shelf (3 years from filing) |