[sheet: Summary]
Field | Value
Document Title | Consolidated Remediation Milestone Matrix — All Four Sites
Prepared By | Calderwood & Harkness LLP (Matter No. 1039-00003)
Date | February 20, 2025
Client | Torchlight Mining Corp. (TSX/NYSE: TRC)
Case Caption | United States of America and State of Montana v. Torchlight Mining Corp. et al.
Civil Action No. | 9:24-cv-00087-DWM
Court | U.S. District Court for the District of Montana, Missoula Division
Judge | Hon. Donald W. Molloy (Senior Judge)
Consent Decree Execution Date | February 19, 2025
Expected Entry Date | May 15, 2025
Effective Date (30 days post-entry) | June 14, 2025
Environmental Consultant | Pinnacle Creek Environmental, LLC (Dr. Astrid Bergmann, P.E.)
Independent Monitor | Verdant Analytics, Inc. (Dr. Kamal Osei)
Financial Assurance Provider — Surety | Ironbark Surety of America, Inc. (Bond No. ISA-ENV-2025-08934)
Financial Assurance Provider — Trust | Larchfield Trust Company, N.A. (Trust No. LTC-REM-2025-1177)
AGGREGATE FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Ridgecrest Remediation (Nominal) | $198,600,000
Gallatin Remediation (Nominal) | $42,800,000
Bonanza Creek Remediation (Nominal) | $63,200,000
Kanawha Bend Remediation (Nominal) | $38,900,000
Total Remediation (Nominal) | $343,500,000
Ridgecrest Remediation (NPV @ 3%) | $134,900,000
Gallatin Remediation (NPV @ 3%) | $34,100,000
Bonanza Creek Remediation (NPV @ 3%) | $47,100,000
Kanawha Bend Remediation (NPV @ 3%) | $29,000,000
Total Remediation (NPV @ 3%) | $245,100,000
Civil Penalties (all sites) | $31,500,000
EPA Past-Costs Reimbursement (CERCLA § 107) | $18,100,000
Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) | $12,000,000
Independent Monitor Costs (5 yr est.) | $4,800,000
Grand Total (Nominal) | $409,900,000
Grand Total (NPV/Cash Equivalent) | $311,500,000
Financial Assurance — Surety Bond | $165,000,000
Financial Assurance — Remediation Trust Fund | $80,000,000
Financial Assurance — Total | $245,000,000
Surety Bond Annual Premium (1.85%) | $3,052,500
TMC Environmental Reserve (Q3 2024) | C$340.0M (≈ US$251.4M at 0.7394 FX)
Shortfall vs. Nominal Obligation | US$158,500,000
[sheet: Site Overview]
Site ID | Site Name | Location / Address | State | EPA Region | Operating Entity | EIN / State ID | Site Area — Mine Footprint (acres) | Site Area — Total Controlled (acres) | Operational Since | Current Status | EPA Designation | Permit / Docket No. | Applicable Statutes | Principal Contaminants | Key Violations Summary | EPA Past Costs (CERCLA § 107) ($M) | TMC Estimated Remediation (Nominal $M) | EPA Estimated Remediation (Nominal $M) | Negotiated/Agreed Remediation (Nominal $M) | Remediation Duration (years) | NPV discount Rate (%) | NPV Factor | Remediation NPV ($M) | Civil Penalty ($M) | SEP Allocation ($M) | SEP Description | State Co-Plaintiff | State Lead Counsel | TMC Local Counsel | EPA Project Coordinator
SITE-1 | Ridgecrest Copper-Molybdenum Mine | 14200 Ridgecrest Mine Road, Drummond, Granite County, MT 59832 | Montana | Region 8 | Ridgecrest Mine Holdings, LLC (wholly owned by Torchlight Mining (U.S.) Inc.) | MT SOS ID: E1042738 | 3200 | 8700 | 1978 | Closure/Reclamation (active mining ceased Dec. 31, 2019) | Proposed NPL listing (CERCLA); AOC Docket No. CERCLA-08-2022-0039 (executed Sept. 15, 2022) | CERCLA-08-2022-0039 | CWA § 301; RCRA § 3004; CERCLA § 107 | acid mine drainage — dissolved Cu (47 mg/L vs. 0.0087 mg/L std.); Mo (1.2 mg/L); Se (0.082 mg/L); sulfate (3,400 mg/L); tailings impoundment seepage (425 acres) to Flint Creek | Unpermitted discharges; mismanagement of hazardous waste from SX/EW circuit; EPA removal action cost recovery ($14.3M, 2021–2023) | 14.3 | 187.5 | 224 | 198.6 | 30 | 3 | 0.6795 | 134.9 | 14.2 | 5.5 | Flint Creek Watershed Restoration Project — stream-bank stabilization, riparian replanting, fish-passage improvements along 12 miles of Flint Creek | State of Montana, Dept. of Environmental Quality (MT DEQ) | Annika Hedstrom, Asst. Attorney General, Montana AG's Office | Holcroft, Dane & Weiss LLP (Russell Dane) | Dr. Samuel Tesfaye (EPA Region 8)
SITE-2 | Gallatin Chemical Works | 8800 Industrial Park Lane, Belgrade, Gallatin County, MT 59714 | Montana | Region 8 | Torchlight Specialty Chemicals, Inc. (wholly owned by TM(US)) | EIN: 47-3819204 | 145 | 145 | 1993 | Active operations | RCRA Corrective Action facility | MTD098712456 | RCRA §§ 3004, 3005; CWA § 301 | CS₂ in groundwater (890 µg/L vs. MCL 10 µg/L); xanthate decomposition products; VOCs (toluene, xylene) in subsurface soils; 3 SWMUs | Unpermitted hazardous-waste storage; failure to perform corrective action; 14 MPDES permit exceedances (CS₂, TSS) Jan. 2021–June 2024 | 0 | 42.8 | 42.8 | 42.8 | 15 | 3 | 0.7969 | 34.1 | 5.8 | 0 | N/A (SEP allocated to Ridgecrest — Flint Creek) | State of Montana, Dept. of Environmental Quality (MT DEQ) | Annika Hedstrom, Asst. Attorney General, Montana AG's Office | Holcroft, Dane & Weiss LLP (Russell Dane) | N/A
SITE-3 | Bonanza Creek Gold Mine | County Road 447, Mile Marker 12, Lander County, NV 89820 | Nevada | Region 9 | Bonanza Creek Mining, LLC (wholly owned by TM(US)) | NV SOS Entity No.: E0518294731 | 5600 | 12400 | 2001 | Active mining ongoing | RCRA Corrective Action / CWA enforcement | N/A | CWA § 301; RCRA § 3004; Migratory Bird Treaty Act | WAD cyanide (0.62 mg/L vs. 0.022 mg/L limit); Hg (12.4 µg/L vs. 0.77 µg/L criterion); Se in pit-lake water | 3 unpermitted discharges from heap-leach pad via torn liner (Mar. 2022, Aug. 2022, Jan. 2023); spent heap-leach ore as hazardous waste; 17 avian mortalities (2021–2023) | 0 | 63.2 | 63.2 | 63.2 | 20 | 3 | 0.7454 | 47.1 | 7.9 | 3.5 | Battle Mountain Community Drinking Water Improvement Project — upgrade of municipal water treatment facility | State of Nevada, Division of Environmental Protection (NV DEP) | Ricardo Fuentes, Deputy Attorney General, Nevada AG's Office | Sagebrush Law Group, PLLC (Denise Quartaro) | Jennifer Whitfield (EPA Region 9)
SITE-4 | Kanawha Bend Chemical Plant | 2200 Chemical Valley Road, Institute, Kanawha County, WV 25112 | West Virginia | Region 3 | Torchlight Specialty Chemicals, Inc. (wholly owned by TM(US)) | EIN: 47-3819204 | 78 | 78 | 1985 | Active operations | RCRA Corrective Action facility | WVD048823915 | RCRA §§ 3004, 3005; CERCLA § 107 | H₂SO₄ residuals (pH 1.8); Pb (4,200 mg/kg); As (890 mg/kg); DNAPL (chlorinated solvents) in fractured bedrock aquifer | Failure to close former surface impoundment; unpermitted treatment of listed wastes (K062, D002); EPA emergency response cost recovery ($3.8M, 2020) | 3.8 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 20 | 3 | 0.7454 | 29 | 3.6 | 3 | Institute Community Air Quality Monitoring Network — 6 monitoring stations, 10-year operation | State of West Virginia, Dept. of Environmental Protection (WV DEP) | Loretta May Hatcher, Asst. Attorney General, West Virginia AG's Office | Baxter, Tully & Crane PLLC (Nathan Tully) | N/A
TOTAL | All Four Sites | 9023 | 21323 | 18.1 | 332.4 | 368.9 | 343.5 | 245.1 | 31.5 | 12
[sheet: Ridgecrest Milestones]
Milestone ID | Phase | Milestone Description | Consent Decree Section Reference | Deadline / Target Date | Responsible Party | Responsible TMC Contact | Regulatory Oversight | Estimated Cost Allocation ($M) | Deliverable / Submission | Predecessor Milestone | Status | Notes
RC-001 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Consent Decree Effective Date | § IV | June 14, 2025 | All Parties | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA Region 8 / Dr. Samuel Tesfaye | 0 | N/A | N/A | Pending | 30 days after entry (target entry May 15, 2025)
RC-002 | Financial Assurance | Establish Remediation Trust Fund and post financial assurance ($245.0M total — Ridgecrest allocated portion) | § XII | September 12, 2025 | TMC / Ironbark Surety / Larchfield Trust | Carolyn Bracebridge (CFO) | EPA OECA / Margaret Coulson | 0 | Surety Bond (ISA-ENV-2025-08934); Trust Agreement (LTC-REM-2025-1177) | RC-001 | Pending | Surety bond $165.0M + Trust $80.0M = $245.0M total for all sites
RC-003 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Submit Ridgecrest Remedial Action Work Plan | § VII.A | December 14, 2025 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford (VP EHS) | EPA Region 8 / Dr. Samuel Tesfaye | 2.5 | Final Remedial Action Work Plan | RC-001 | Pending | Framework and outline prepared Feb. 10, 2025; negotiated remediation cost: $198.6M over 30 years
RC-004 | Pre-Construction / Planning | EPA review and approval of Remedial Action Work Plan | § VII.A | March 14, 2026 | EPA Region 8 | N/A | EPA Region 8 / Dr. Samuel Tesfaye | 0 | EPA approval letter | RC-003 | Pending | 90-day review period assumed
RC-005 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Complete remedial design (30% design submission) | § VII.B | September 14, 2026 | Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 5 | 30% Design Package | RC-004 | Pending | Acid mine drainage treatment system, tailings impoundment stabilization
RC-006 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Complete remedial design (90% design submission) | § VII.B | March 14, 2027 | Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 5 | 90% Design Package | RC-005 | Pending
RC-007 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Complete remedial design (100% final design) | § VII.B | May 14, 2027 | Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 2 | 100% Final Design Package | RC-006 | Pending | EPA final approval required prior to construction
RC-008 | Construction | Commence Ridgecrest remedy construction | § VII.C | June 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics (monitor) | 15 | Notice of Commencement | RC-007 | Pending
RC-009 | Construction | Complete acid mine drainage treatment system installation — Phase 1 | § VII.C.1 | June 14, 2029 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 35 | Construction completion report — Phase 1 | RC-008 | Pending | Active water treatment for dissolved Cu, Mo, Se
RC-010 | Construction | Complete tailings impoundment cap and cover system | § VII.C.2 | June 14, 2031 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 40 | Construction completion report — tailings | RC-008 | Pending | 425-acre tailings impoundment
RC-011 | Construction | Complete Flint Creek seepage interception system | § VII.C.3 | June 14, 2032 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 20 | Construction completion report — seepage | RC-009 | Pending
RC-012 | Construction | Complete acid mine drainage treatment system — Phase 2 (passive treatment) | § VII.C.4 | June 14, 2033 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 8 | Construction completion report — Phase 2 acid mine drainage | RC-009 | Pending | Transition from active to semi-passive treatment
RC-013 | Construction | Complete waste-rock repository re-grading and cover | § VII.C.5 | June 14, 2034 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 6.5 | Construction completion report — waste rock | RC-008 | Pending
RC-014 | Long-Term O&M | Commence long-term operation and maintenance (O&M) | § VII.D | June 14, 2032 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 5 | O&M Plan implementation | RC-011 | Pending | Annual O&M costs estimated at ~$3.5M/yr for 23 years
RC-015 | Long-Term O&M | Annual O&M reporting — Year 1 | § VII.D | June 14, 2033 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3.5 | Annual O&M Report | RC-014 | Pending
RC-016 | Long-Term O&M | Annual O&M reporting — Year 5 | § VII.D | June 14, 2037 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3.5 | Annual O&M Report | RC-015 | Pending
RC-017 | Long-Term O&M | Annual O&M reporting — Year 10 | § VII.D | June 14, 2042 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3.5 | Annual O&M Report | RC-016 | Pending
RC-018 | Long-Term O&M | Annual O&M reporting — Year 15 | § VII.D | June 14, 2047 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3.5 | Annual O&M Report | RC-017 | Pending
RC-019 | Long-Term O&M | Annual O&M reporting — Year 20 | § VII.D | June 14, 2052 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3.5 | Annual O&M Report | RC-018 | Pending
RC-020 | Long-Term O&M | Annual O&M reporting — Year 23 (final O&M year) | § VII.D | June 14, 2055 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3.5 | Annual O&M Report | RC-019 | Pending | Final year of O&M obligation
RC-021 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #1 | § VII.E | June 14, 2037 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | RC-014 | Pending | Evaluate remedy effectiveness against performance standards
RC-022 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #2 | § VII.E | June 14, 2042 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | RC-021 | Pending
RC-023 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #3 | § VII.E | June 14, 2047 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | RC-022 | Pending
RC-024 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #4 | § VII.E | June 14, 2052 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | RC-023 | Pending
RC-025 | SEP | Flint Creek Watershed Restoration Project — commence | § XI.A | December 14, 2025 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / MT DEQ | 5.5 | SEP Commencement Notice | RC-001 | Pending | 12 miles of Flint Creek stream-bank stabilization, riparian replanting, fish-passage improvements
RC-026 | SEP | Flint Creek Watershed Restoration Project — 50% completion | § XI.A | June 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / MT DEQ | 0 | SEP Progress Report | RC-025 | Pending
RC-027 | SEP | Flint Creek Watershed Restoration Project — final completion and certification | § XI.A | June 14, 2029 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / MT DEQ | 0 | SEP Completion Certification | RC-026 | Pending
RC-028 | Completion / Termination | Final remediation completion — submit certification of completion | § VII.F | June 14, 2055 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 0 | Certification of Completion report | RC-024 | Pending | End of 30-year remediation obligation; termination no sooner than 5 years after completion of remedial construction
RC-029 | Completion / Termination | Earliest possible decree termination (Ridgecrest) | § XXII | June 14, 2039 | TMC | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA / Court | 0 | Motion for termination | RC-013 (+ 5 years) | Pending | 5 years after completion of all remedial construction at Ridgecrest; subject to EPA and monitor certification
TOTAL | 172.1 | Remaining ~$26.5M allocated across annual O&M years not individually listed (23 yrs × ~$3.5M less amounts shown = balance to $198.6M)
[sheet: Gallatin Milestones]
Milestone ID | Phase | Milestone Description | Consent Decree Section Reference | Deadline / Target Date | Responsible Party | Responsible TMC Contact | Regulatory Oversight | Estimated Cost Allocation ($M) | Deliverable / Submission | Predecessor Milestone | Status | Notes
GL-001 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Consent Decree Effective Date | § IV | June 14, 2025 | All Parties | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA Region 8 | 0 | N/A | N/A | Pending
GL-002 | Investigation / Study | Submit Gallatin Corrective Measures Study | § VIII.A | June 14, 2026 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 2 | Corrective Measures Study Report | GL-001 | Pending | Addresses 3 SWMUs, CS₂ groundwater contamination, VOC soil contamination; RCRA Permit No. MTD098712456
GL-003 | Investigation / Study | EPA review and selection of corrective measures | § VIII.A | December 14, 2026 | EPA Region 8 | N/A | EPA Region 8 | 0 | Statement of Basis / Final Decision | GL-002 | Pending
GL-004 | Design | Submit corrective measures implementation work plan | § VIII.B | June 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 3 | CMS Implementation Work Plan | GL-003 | Pending
GL-005 | Design | EPA approval of corrective measures implementation work plan | § VIII.B | September 14, 2027 | EPA Region 8 | N/A | EPA Region 8 | 0 | EPA Approval Letter | GL-004 | Pending | 90-day review period
GL-006 | Construction | Commence corrective measures construction | § VIII.C | December 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 8 | Notice of Commencement | GL-005 | Pending | CS₂ groundwater treatment, SWMU remediation
GL-007 | Construction | Complete SWMU-1 and SWMU-2 soil remediation | § VIII.C.1 | June 14, 2029 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 6 | Construction completion report — SWMUs 1 & 2 | GL-006 | Pending | Excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soils
GL-008 | Construction | Complete CS₂ groundwater treatment system installation | § VIII.C.2 | December 14, 2029 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 9 | Construction completion report — GW treatment | GL-006 | Pending | Air stripping and activated carbon treatment
GL-009 | Construction | Complete SWMU-3 remediation (former waste storage area) | § VIII.C.3 | June 14, 2030 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 3 | Construction completion report — SWMU-3 | GL-006 | Pending
GL-010 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Commence long-term groundwater monitoring and O&M | § VIII.D | January 14, 2030 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 2 | O&M Plan implementation | GL-008 | Pending | Annual O&M ~$0.8M/yr for 10 years
GL-011 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and groundwater monitoring report — Year 1 | § VIII.D | January 14, 2031 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.8 | Annual O&M/GW Monitoring Report | GL-010 | Pending
GL-012 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and groundwater monitoring report — Year 3 | § VIII.D | January 14, 2033 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.8 | Annual O&M/GW Monitoring Report | GL-011 | Pending
GL-013 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #1 | § VIII.E | December 14, 2034 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | GL-010 | Pending
GL-014 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and groundwater monitoring report — Year 8 | § VIII.D | January 14, 2038 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.8 | Annual O&M/GW Monitoring Report | GL-013 | Pending
GL-015 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #2 (if required) | § VIII.E | December 14, 2039 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | GL-013 | Pending | Subject to remedy performance
GL-016 | Completion / Termination | Final remediation completion — submit certification of completion | § VIII.F | June 14, 2040 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 8 / Verdant Analytics | 0 | Certification of Completion report | GL-015 | Pending | End of 15-year remediation obligation
GL-017 | Completion / Termination | Earliest possible decree termination (Gallatin) | § XXII | December 14, 2034 | TMC | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA / Court | 0 | Motion for termination | GL-009 (+ 5 years) | Pending | 5 years after completion of all remedial construction
TOTAL | 36.4 | Remaining ~$6.4M allocated across annual O&M years not individually listed (balance to $42.8M)
[sheet: Bonanza Creek Milestones]
Milestone ID | Phase | Milestone Description | Consent Decree Section Reference | Deadline / Target Date | Responsible Party | Responsible TMC Contact | Regulatory Oversight | Estimated Cost Allocation ($M) | Deliverable / Submission | Predecessor Milestone | Status | Notes
BC-001 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Consent Decree Effective Date | § IV | June 14, 2025 | All Parties | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA Region 9 / Jennifer Whitfield | 0 | N/A | N/A | Pending
BC-002 | Emergency / Interim | Commence heap-leach pad liner repair and containment | § IX.A | June 14, 2026 | TMC / Bonanza Creek Mining, LLC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Jennifer Whitfield | 10 | Liner Repair and Containment Plan (SOW prepared Feb. 14, 2025) | BC-001 | Pending | Addresses 3 documented process-solution releases (Mar. 2022, Aug. 2022, Jan. 2023); torn liner; cyanide and mercury contamination
BC-003 | Emergency / Interim | Complete emergency liner repair and process solution containment | § IX.A | December 14, 2026 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Verdant Analytics | 8 | Completion report — emergency liner repair | BC-002 | Pending | WAD cyanide 0.62 mg/L vs. 0.022 mg/L limit
BC-004 | Design | Submit Bonanza Creek Corrective Action Plan | § IX.B | June 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 3 | Corrective Action Plan | BC-003 | Pending | Includes heap-leach pad long-term solution management, pit-lake selenium, avian mortality prevention (netting/hazing)
BC-005 | Design | EPA approval of Corrective Action Plan | § IX.B | September 14, 2027 | EPA Region 9 | N/A | EPA Region 9 | 0 | EPA Approval Letter | BC-004 | Pending | 90-day review period
BC-006 | Construction | Commence full-scale remedy construction | § IX.C | December 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Verdant Analytics | 12 | Notice of Commencement | BC-005 | Pending
BC-007 | Construction | Complete solution pond bird deterrent system | § IX.C.1 | June 14, 2028 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 2 | Installation completion report | BC-006 | Pending | MBTA — 17 avian mortalities documented 2021–2023
BC-008 | Construction | Complete pit-lake selenium treatment system | § IX.C.2 | December 14, 2029 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Verdant Analytics | 5 | Construction completion report — pit lake | BC-006 | Pending
BC-009 | Construction | Complete heap-leach pad permanent liner replacement and containment upgrade | § IX.C.3 | June 14, 2030 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Verdant Analytics | 15 | Construction completion report — liner | BC-006 | Pending
BC-010 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Commence long-term monitoring and O&M | § IX.D | July 14, 2030 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Verdant Analytics | 2 | O&M Plan implementation | BC-009 | Pending | Annual O&M ~$0.4M/yr for 15 years
BC-011 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and monitoring report — Year 1 | § IX.D | July 14, 2031 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 0.4 | Annual O&M Report | BC-010 | Pending
BC-012 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and monitoring report — Year 3 | § IX.D | July 14, 2033 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 0.4 | Annual O&M Report | BC-011 | Pending
BC-013 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #1 | § IX.E | June 14, 2035 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | BC-010 | Pending
BC-014 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and monitoring report — Year 8 | § IX.D | July 14, 2038 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 0.4 | Annual O&M Report | BC-013 | Pending
BC-015 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #2 | § IX.E | June 14, 2040 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | BC-013 | Pending
BC-016 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and monitoring report — Year 13 | § IX.D | July 14, 2043 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 | 0.4 | Annual O&M Report | BC-015 | Pending
BC-017 | SEP | Battle Mountain Drinking Water Project — commence | § XI.B | March 14, 2026 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / NV DEP | 3.5 | SEP Commencement Notice | BC-001 | Pending | Upgrade of municipal water treatment facility in Battle Mountain, Lander County, NV
BC-018 | SEP | Battle Mountain Drinking Water Project — construction completion | § XI.B | December 14, 2028 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / NV DEP | 0 | SEP Completion Certification | BC-017 | Pending
BC-019 | Completion / Termination | Final remediation completion — submit certification of completion | § IX.F | June 14, 2045 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 9 / Verdant Analytics | 0 | Certification of Completion report | BC-015 | Pending | End of 20-year remediation obligation
BC-020 | Completion / Termination | Earliest possible decree termination (Bonanza Creek) | § XXII | June 14, 2035 | TMC | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA / Court | 0 | Motion for termination | BC-009 (+ 5 years) | Pending | 5 years after completion of all remedial construction
TOTAL | 63.1 | Allocations approximate $63.2M nominal total for Bonanza Creek
[sheet: Kanawha Bend Milestones]
Milestone ID | Phase | Milestone Description | Consent Decree Section Reference | Deadline / Target Date | Responsible Party | Responsible TMC Contact | Regulatory Oversight | Estimated Cost Allocation ($M) | Deliverable / Submission | Predecessor Milestone | Status | Notes
KB-001 | Pre-Construction / Planning | Consent Decree Effective Date | § IV | June 14, 2025 | All Parties | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA Region 3 | 0 | N/A | N/A | Pending | RCRA Permit No. WVD048823915
KB-002 | Interim Stabilization | Submit interim stabilization measures work plan | § X.A | September 14, 2025 | TMC / Torchlight Specialty Chemicals, Inc. / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 1 | Interim Stabilization Work Plan (SOW prepared Feb. 18, 2025) | KB-001 | Pending | Addresses H₂SO₄ residuals, heavy metals, DNAPL in fractured bedrock
KB-003 | Interim Stabilization | Commence Kanawha Bend interim stabilization construction | § X.A | March 14, 2026 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 3 | Notice of Commencement — Interim Measures | KB-002 | Pending
KB-004 | Interim Stabilization | Complete Kanawha Bend interim stabilization measures | § X.A | December 14, 2026 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 5 | Interim Stabilization Completion Report | KB-003 | Pending | Soil pH as low as 1.8; Pb max 4,200 mg/kg; As max 890 mg/kg
KB-005 | Investigation / Study | Submit RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) report | § X.B | June 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 3 | RFI Report | KB-004 | Pending | DNAPL characterization in fractured bedrock aquifer
KB-006 | Investigation / Study | Submit Corrective Measures Study (CMS) | § X.B | December 14, 2027 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 2 | CMS Report | KB-005 | Pending
KB-007 | Design | EPA selection of remedy and issuance of Statement of Basis | § X.C | June 14, 2028 | EPA Region 3 | N/A | EPA Region 3 | 0 | Statement of Basis / Final Decision | KB-006 | Pending
KB-008 | Design | Submit Corrective Measures Implementation Work Plan | § X.C | December 14, 2028 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 2 | CMI Work Plan | KB-007 | Pending | Addresses former waste lagoon closure, listed wastes K062, D002
KB-009 | Construction | Commence corrective measures construction | § X.D | June 14, 2029 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 10 | Notice of Commencement | KB-008 | Pending
KB-010 | Construction | Complete former surface impoundment closure | § X.D.1 | December 14, 2030 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 5 | Closure certification report | KB-009 | Pending
KB-011 | Construction | Complete DNAPL source-zone treatment | § X.D.2 | June 14, 2032 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 4 | Treatment completion report | KB-009 | Pending | Fractured bedrock aquifer remediation
KB-012 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Commence long-term groundwater monitoring and O&M | § X.E | July 14, 2032 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 1.5 | O&M Plan implementation | KB-011 | Pending | Annual O&M ~$0.2M/yr for 13 years
KB-013 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and groundwater monitoring report — Year 1 | § X.E | July 14, 2033 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 0.2 | Annual O&M/GW Monitoring Report | KB-012 | Pending
KB-014 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and groundwater monitoring report — Year 3 | § X.E | July 14, 2035 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 0.2 | Annual O&M/GW Monitoring Report | KB-013 | Pending
KB-015 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #1 | § X.F | June 14, 2037 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | KB-012 | Pending
KB-016 | Long-Term O&M / Monitoring | Annual O&M and groundwater monitoring report — Year 8 | § X.E | July 14, 2040 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 0.2 | Annual O&M/GW Monitoring Report | KB-015 | Pending
KB-017 | Monitoring | 5-Year Performance Review #2 | § X.F | June 14, 2042 | TMC / Verdant Analytics | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 | 0.5 | 5-Year Review Report | KB-015 | Pending
KB-018 | SEP | Institute Community Air Quality Monitoring Network — station installation complete | § XI.C | December 14, 2026 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / WV DEP | 3 | SEP Installation Completion Report | KB-001 | Pending | 6 ambient air quality monitoring stations in Institute/South Charleston area
KB-019 | SEP | Institute Community Air Quality Monitoring Network — end of 10-year monitoring period | § XI.C | December 14, 2036 | TMC | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / WV DEP | 0 | SEP Final Report | KB-018 | Pending | Quarterly reporting throughout 10-year period
KB-020 | Completion / Termination | Final remediation completion — submit certification of completion | § X.G | June 14, 2045 | TMC / Pinnacle Creek Environmental | Gareth Linford | EPA Region 3 / Verdant Analytics | 0 | Certification of Completion report | KB-017 | Pending | End of 20-year remediation obligation
KB-021 | Completion / Termination | Earliest possible decree termination (Kanawha Bend) | § XXII | June 14, 2037 | TMC | Miriam Soo-Hwan Park | EPA / Court | 0 | Motion for termination | KB-011 (+ 5 years) | Pending | 5 years after completion of all remedial construction
TOTAL | 41.1 | Allocations approximate $38.9M nominal total for Kanawha Bend (SEP $3.0M accounted separately in SEP Schedule; balance reflects rounding across annual O&M)