Extract to table

I further understand that this burden must be met by clear and convincing evidence, which is a heightened standard requiring that the evidence make it highly probable that the patent claims are invalid

I further understand that, to serve as an anticipatory reference, the prior-art disclosure must be enabling — that is, it must contain sufficient information to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the claimed invention without undue experimentation

398 (2007), there must be some articulated reason, suggestion, or motivation to combine prior-art references in the manner proposed, and there must be a reasonable expectation that the combination would succeed

I further understand that the analysis of obviousness must consider the claimed invention as a whole, not merely individual limitations in isolation

As data rates have increased from 100 Gbps to 400 Gbps and beyond, the number of wavelength channels that must be multiplexed onto a single fiber has correspondingly increased, placing ever-greater demands on multiplexer performance

Efficient fiber-to-chip coupling is a persistent challenge in silicon photonics because of the large mode-field mismatch between standard optical fibers and sub-micron silicon waveguides, and because standard single-mode fibers carry light in an arbitrary, time-varying polarization state that must be properly handled by the on-chip photonic circuit